Humanity is Calling?

Life every man holds dear; but the dear man holds honor far more precious dear than life. William Shakespeare?????

This is exactly what Latif Johar is doing rights now by observing “Hunger Strike till Death” against the illegal abduction of Zahid Baloch, Chairman of BSO-Azad by Pakistani Law Enforcement Agencies on March 18, 2014 from Quetta. His abduction is witnessed by Kareema Baloch and other BSO leaders who were coming out of a meeting when they were stopped by Frontier Corps personnel. They took him away after a few minutes of on-spot interrogation.???

Though issue of Baloch Missing Persons has been registered in the Supreme Court of Pakistan but nothing has been done so far. 2000 km long march from Quetta to Karachi and Karachi to Islamabad by the families of Baloch Missing Persons failed to get attention of the Pakistan Government and media. Even the campaign on social media against the illegal abduction and extra judicial killing by Pakistani law enforcement agencies has only bring the awareness in Pakistan community but no practical steps have been taken to ensure the safety of Baloch Missing Persons. This clearly indicates the power and dominancy of Pakistan security agencies over the government, judiciary and media.

On January 25, 2014 discovery of mass graves from Tutak, Khuzdar with 103 decomposed bodies are claimed to be of the Baloch Missing Persons; Government officials confirmed that the bullet-riddled bodies have been dumped in unmarked graves — many of them considered to be mass graves exposes the gross human rights abuses perpetrated by the security forces over the years in a bid to suppress a popular uprising against the government. Discovery of mass graves is still a mystery as media coverage was, and is prohibited in this regard./???????/

According to the Commission on the Inquiry of Enforced Disappearances, the total number of cases currently stands at 621. However this figure is contested by Nasrullah Baloch, the chairperson of the Voice for Baloch Missing Persons. According to him 23,000 is the number of registered cases. From this, a whole 14,000 came during the current government’s tenure.?????

To mention here, Pakistan’s well known journalist Hamid Mir who received 6 bullets on April 19, 2014 – in his recent statement held ISI responsible of the attack for covering Baloch Missing Person’s long march. According to The Centre for Research and Security Studies (CRSS), at least 22 journalists have been killed in the province during the past four years.

In this scenario, Baloch are completely disappointed with Pakistan government, judiciary, and media. The powerful law enforcement agencies only reply to these human right violations in Balochistan is more abduction and more killing. Discussing Balochistan issue in Pakistan means calling your death!????????/

As Pakistan has failed miserably in 64 years to resolve Balochistan conflict, therefore under such circumstances, the only hope of justice for Baloch is The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide,and other human right organization to step in and take notice of the massacre in Balochistan. Disheartened from Pakistan, Baloch needs and have right to live. They are human too and human right organizations must intervene and prove that they do exist to save humanity?????????

             Baloch Hisotry?

Balochistan is between Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan. It traces its history from times immemorial. Before the birth of Christ, it had commerce and trade with ancient civilization of Babylon through Iran and into the valleys of Tigris and Euphrates. Alexander the Great also had an encounter with the Serbia tribe of Balochistan.????

A Balochi war song describes the province of Balochistan thus: “the mountains are the Balochi’s forts; the peaks are better than any army; the lofty heights are our comrades; the pathless gorges our friends. Our drink is from the flowing springs; our bed the thorny bush; the ground we make our pillow.”?????

Balochistan is a land of contrast. It has places with rugged mountains like Chiltan, Takatu, Sulaiman, Sultan etc. and plains stretching hundreds of miles. It has fertile land such as in Nasirabad and the tracks which are thirsty for centuries in the Pat section of Sibi district and the Makran desert zone. It has hottest places in the country like Sibi and the cool towns like Quetta, Ziarat, Kan Mehtarzai and Kallat where temperature goes below freezing point and these areas remain under a thick cover of snow in winter.???????

Balochistan (or Baluchistan), also known as “Greater Balochistan” is an arid region which sits on the Iranian Plateau in Southwest Asia, presently split between Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The area is named after the numerous Baloch (or Baluch, Balouch) tribes, an Iranian people, who moved in to the area from the west some time around 1000 A.D. The southern part of Balochistan is known as Makran.?????????

Before the arrival of the Baluch, the region was populated by Pashtuns and Brahuis. The Pashtuns are now concentrated in Sibi, Bolan, Quetta, Pishin, Killa Abdullah, Killa Saifullah, Loralai, Zhob, Ziarat and Harnai. Many Brahuis live in Kalat. Languages spoken in the region include Balochi, Pashto, Persian, and Brahui.

Recent History?????????
Pakistani Balochistan was conquered by the British Empire on October 1, 1887. In 1948, it became part of Pakistan. Since then, some separatist groups in the province have engaged in armed violence, first led by “Prince Karim Khan” in 1948, and later Nawab Nowroz Khan in 1968. These tribal uprisings were limited in scope. A more serious insurgency was led by Marri and Mengal tribes in 1973-1977. They have a view of “Greater Balochistan,” presently split between Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan as one independent state ruled under tribal jirgas (a tribal system of government).

Accession Problem 1948???????/
The ruler of the Khanate of Balochistan, Mir Ahmad Yar Khan,might have been coerced by Jinnah to sign the document of accession. Balochi nationals support this claim, however critics dispute such claims as unrealistic and contrary to popular support for Jinnah, as the Khan of Kalat ruled even after death of Jinnah with the support of the government. However, The Khan was not an absolute monarch; he was required to act under the provisions of the Rawaj (the Baloch constitution).???????/

The incorporation of the Khanate resulted in a few anti-Pakistani rallies and meetings in certain areas of the Khanate. To subdue the anti-Pakistani sentiments, the Army of Pakistan was placed on alert. The Government of Pakistan decided to take complete control of the administration of Balochistan (Khanate) on 15 April 1948. The A.G.G. in Balochistan conveyed the orders of Mohammad Ali Jinnah that the status of the Khanate, “would revert back to what it was during the preceding British rule. Besides the policy of the central government of Pakistan towards the Khanate, Jinnah also refused to give Autonomy to Balochistan.”?????

In April 1948, several political leaders from Balochistan such as Mohammad Amin Khosa and Abdul Samad Achakzai were arrested. The Anjuman-i-Watan Party (pro-congress), headed by Samad Achakzai, was declared unlawful.

First Baloch National Resistance 1948?????//
Prince Abdul Karim Khan
The refusal to grant autonomy and the continued existence of the Sandeman system re­sulted in unrest. Thus, on the night of 16 May 1948, Prince Abdul Karim Khan, the younger brother of the Khan, decided to lead a national liberation movement.

He invited the leading members of nationalist political parties, (the Kalat State National Party, the Baloch League, and the Baloch National Workers Party) to join him in the struggle for the creation of an independent “Greater Balochistan”. Apart from his political motives, the Prince was a member of the royal family and the former governor of the Makran province; the recognition of Sardar Bay Khan Gichki as a ruler of Makran by Pakistan upset him.

Beginning of Movement and Allies?????///
He decided to migrate to Afghanistan in order to get help and to organ­ize the liberation movement. Prince Karim wrote to the Khan on 28 June 1948 ex­plaining the causes of his migration.

Some of the prominent political leaders who joined him were Mohamed Hussain Anka (the secretary of the Baloch League and the editor of Weekly Bolan Mastung) • Malik Saeed Dehwar (the secretary of the Kalat State National Party) • Qadir Bakhsh Nizamami, a member of the Baloch League and prominent members of the Communist Party, Sind-Balochistan branch, and Maulwi Mohd Afzal, a member of Jamiat-­Ulm-e-Balochistan.

Plan of Action???????
The Baloch Mujahideen ( Baloch Holy Warriors), as they called themselves, entered Afghanistan and encamped at Sarlath in the Province of Kandahar. During their stay, the Baloch freedom fighters adopted the following measures to achieve their goal:

Sending of messages to the Baloch chiefs of Eastern and Western Balochistan asking them to join in the armed struggle;

Running of a truth revealing campaign in Balochistan, aimed at the educating the locals, teaching them to fight for their right,and fight as well as the enlistment of a national liberation force;
Searching for international support, particularly from contries who are supportive of democratic process and don’t support army ruling over the country.

Messages were sent to Mir Ghulam Faruq of the Rudini tribe, Sardar Mehrab Khan, Sardar Mir Jumma, Mir Wazir Khan Sanjrani of Chagai, and several other chiefs. The propaganda campaign was to be carried out on two fronts: (A) The National Cultural Front. (B) The Religious Front.

Armed Struggle????
Besides the cultural and religious campaign, the Prince also organized a liberation force called the Baloch Mujahedeen, consisting of the ex-soldiers and officers Of the Khanate’s army. The Prince was chosen as the supreme commander.

The Prince issued an appeal to personages to help with the recruitment. A person re­cruiting 100 men was offered the rank of a major and a person recruiting 50 men was entitled to the rank of captain. The Baloch liberation army had a secret agency called Jannisar (devotee), whose duty was to provide information, destroy the communication system, and watch the activities of traitors. In addition to this, there was a secret unit Janbaz (darer), to kill all traitors. The Janbaz were subordinate to the Jannisar. The headquarters of the agency was known as Bab-i-Aali (secret war-office) and headed by prince Karim. The total strength of Jannisar was recorded to be 30, while nothing is known about the strength of Janbaz.

Soviets and Afghans???????
However, the Prince did not start a war of liberation because of Afghanistan’s re­fusal and the silence of the Soviet Union concerning assistance. During his stay in Sarlath, Prince Karim appointed Malik Saeed and Qadir Bakhsh Nizamani as his emis­saries to contact the Afghan Government and to approach other embassies in order to get moral and material support. According to Nizamani, the Afghan authorities refused to provide any sort of help and told them either to reside as political refugees at Kandahar or to return. The Afghan authorities also re­fused to permit the rebel group to operate from Afghan soil. Nizamami informed the Iranian Embassy of the Baloch demands as well.

Iranian diplomats showed their concern but did not offer any assistance, though they indicated their desire to provide, asylum to the rebel group in Iran. The last hope of the Prince’s re­presentative was the Soviet Embassy. The Soviet diplomats listened to Nizamami carefully. Though they did not give any assurances, they did promise to inform Moscow. The Afghans, since the rise of Ahmad Shah, had treated Balochistan as a vassal state until the Baloch-Afghan war in 1758, when an agreement of ‘non-interference’ was signed between the parties. In the 19th century, Afghan rulers like Shuja and Amir Abdur-Rehman desired to occupy Balochistan. In 1947, the Afghan Government demanded the creation of Pashtunistan. Stretching from chitral and Gilgit to the Baloch coast in the Arabian Sea.The Afghan Go­vernment called Balochistan ‘South Pashtunistan’ in statements and publications. The Afghan expansionist policy reflected the economic considerations of a landlocked state. At the same time, it was impossible for the Afghan Government to neglect its own national interests and to support the movement of an indepen­dent Greater Balochistan,which claimed the Baloch region in Afghanistan. Stalin did not pursue Lenin’s policy in the East. Moreover, government of the Soviet Union was not ready to annoy the Afghans or the British, opponents of an independent Balochistan.

Prince Karim’s Legitimacy outlawed
Meanwhile the Prince and his party were regarded as a rebel group by a Farman royal order issued by the Khan on 24 May 1948, stating that no connection of any sort with the Prince and his party should be maintained nor should they be helped with rations, and that if any member of the rebel group committed an offence, he would be punished. The Government of Pakistan moved the army to the military posts of Punjab. Chaman chashme,and Rastri near the Afghan borders aiming to control the rebels’ rations, which were being sent by the pro-liberation elements, as well as to control their activities or any attempt to invade. The Pakistan au­thorities confirmed two clashes between the army and the liberation forces.

To avoid popular unrest in Balochistan, the Khan sent his maternal uncles Hajji Ibrahim Khan and Hajji Taj Mohammed at Sarlath to bring Prince Karim back to Kalat. Khan made his return conditional . The Prince and the liberation movement failed to achieve internal and external sup­port. Moreover, the Baloch nationalists were divided into two groups.Anqa and Malik Saeed favored armed struggle in the form of guerilla war, while Mir Ghous Bux Bizenjo and other prominent leaders wished to resolve all issues with dialogue.

The Return of Prince Karim
The Prince was forced to return to the Khanate and negotiate for his demands peacefully. On 8 July 1948, when the news of the Prince’s arrival reached Kalat, the Prime Minister, Mr.Fell, accompanied by a Kalat State Force, went to meet the Prince at Earboi to deliver the Khan’s message.

His Capture
Abdul Karim entered Balochistan with Afghan help and organized a rebellion against Pakistan in the area of Jallawan with the aid of Mir Gohar Khan Zahrri, an influential tribal leader of the Zarkzai clan. Further, it is stated that Major General Akbar Khan, who was in charge of the Seventh Regiment, was ordered to attack the insurgents and forced them to surrender. Prince Karim with his 142 followers were arrested and imprisoned in the Mach and Quetta jails. A detailed and interesting statement comes from General Akbar Khan, in his article published in the daily ‘Dawn’,dated 14 August 1960, under the title: “Early reminiscences of a soldier’. General Akbar confirms here that there was a plan to invade the Khanate and describes the clash between the Pakistan army and the liberation force headed by Prince Karim. Akbar says that Jinnah had issued instructions that this news should not be published in the press.

Trial and Sentencing
After the arrest of the Prince and his party, the A.G.G. gave an order for an inquiry, to be conducted by Khan Sahib Abdullah Khan, the Additional District Ma­gistrate Quetta. He submitted his report on 12 September 1948. His report was based on the activities of the Prince and upon the letters and documents published by the liberation force. After the inquiry, R.K.Saker the District Magistrate at Quetta, appointed a special Jirga (official council of elders) consisting of the following persons:

1. Khan Bahador Sahibzada, M.Ayub Khan Isakhel, Pakhtoon from Pishin;
2. K.B. Baz Mohd Khan. Jogezai, Pakhtoon from Loralai;
3. Abdul Ghaffar Khan Achakzai, Pakhtoon from Pishin;
4. S.B. Wadera Noor Muhammad Khan, a Baloch Chief from Kalat;
5. Syed Aurang Shah from Kalat;
6. Sheikh Baz Gul Khan. Pakhtoon from Zhob;
7. Wahab Khan Panezai, Pakhtoon from Sibi;
8. Sardar Doda Khan Marri, Baloch from Sibi.

The Jirga was instructed to study the circumstances and events which led to the revolt and was asked to give its recommendations to the District Magistrate. On 10 November 1948, the Jirga heard the testimony of the accused and gave its recommendations to the D.M. on 17 November 1948, suggesting the delivery of the Prince in Loralai at the pleasure of the Government of Pakistan and various other penalties. The D .M., in his order dated 27 November 1948, differed with the opinion of the Jirga and sentenced the Prince to ten years of rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs 5000 other members of his party were given various sentences and fines. Thus the Pakistan Government crushed the first armed struggle by Balochi insurgents.

Topic: what is the right history of BALUCHISTAN?

Topic: what is the right history of BALUCHISTAN?

I read one article on "the Dawn" and wanted to share it with you to get opinion of you people and weather you people agree or not with the information provided in this article?  Here is the extract:Balauchistan decided to remain part of Pakistan in a referendum held under the auspices of the Independence of India Act of 1947.



The history of Baluchistan is fascinating. Mehergarh is the oldest agricultural site in the Subcontinent. The artifacts found there go back 7000 years. The people of Mehargarh have been living peacfully with the Indus Valley Civilization for tousands of years. During the British colonial rule no such province existed. It is a merger of many independent states. At the end of the colonial era the Provinces of West India decided to band together and form Pakistan.

In 1947-1948 there were only two choices before the Raja of Kashmir the leaders of FATA, NWFP, the Khan of Kalat and the Baluch leaders.

Contrary to some of the revisionists who are rewriting history, Balauchistan’s 6 million people were not forcibly incorporated into Pakistan. The Baluchis have been living with the Indus Valley people for thousands of years.


Balauchistan decided to join Pakistan in a referendum held under the auspices of the Independence of India Act of 1947. 1. During the period of the British Raj, there were four Princely States in Balochistan: Makran, Kharan, Las Bela and Kalat, the largest and most powerful.???????
The British “On to the Oxus policy” was short lived. In 1876 Sir Robert Sandeman concluded a treaty with the Khan of Kalat and brought his territories–including Kharan, Makran, and Las Bela–under British suzerainty.3. After the Second Afghan War of 1878-80, the Treaty of Gandamak concluded in May 1879, the Afghan Mmir ceded his districts of Pishin, Sibi, Harnai, and Thal Chotiali to the British.
1) It is ironic that jounalists that were are citizen of  colonial powers that still occupy countries in the Middle East, Caribbean and West Asia are discussing colonialism in one of its former colonies. Many of these are spreading lies and disinformation about Baulauchistan and Pakistan.?????????

2) Some think that the history of the Subcontinent began when Lord Clive invaded Bengal. Actually the history of Baluchistan and the history of Pakistan begins 150,000 years ago in the Suan vallay where the first Pakistanis walked and swam in the Suan river.

3) Mehergarh is the oldest agricultural site in the Subcontinent. It is 7000 years old. The poeple of Mehergarh traded with the Kashmiris, Punjabis, Sindhis, and Pathans for thousands of years. Contrary to some of the revisionists who are rewriting history, Balauchistan’s 6 million people were not forcibly incorporated into Pakistan. The Baluchis have been living with the Indus Valley people for thousands of years.
?????????
4) The Indus Valley Civilization existed on the banks of the Indus in more or less Pakistan of today. This was 3500 BC or thereabouts.???????

5) Balauchistan and Pakistan were part of many empires in a seesaw between Kushan, Abdali, Greeks, Persians, Timur, Mughals, and the British.????????/

7) Balauchistan and Pakistan were part of the British Empire. There are British military cantonments in Quetta, Zhob, Rawalpindi, Lahore, Peshawar, Karachi, Sialkot and other places. During the period of the British Raj, there were four Princely states in Balochistan: Makran, Kharan, Las Bela and Kalat. In 1876 Sir Robert Sandeman concluded a treaty with the Khan of Kalat and brought his territories – including Kharan, Makran, and Las Bela – under British suzerainty. After the Second Afghan War of 1878-80, the Treaty of Gandamak concluded in May 1879, the Afghan Emir ceded the districts of Quetta Pishin,Sibi, Harnai, and Thal Chotiali to the British. In 1883 the British leased the Bolan Pass, southeast of Quetta, from the Khan of Kalat on a permanent basis. In 1887 some areas of Balochistan were declared British territory. In 1893, Sir Mortimer Durand negotiated an agreement with Amir Abdur Rahman Khan of Afghanistan to fix the Durand Line running from Chitral to Balochistan to as the boundary between the Afghans and the British.?????????/
 Balauchistan decided to join Pakistan in a referendum held under the auspices of the Independence of India Act of 1947. 1. During the period of the British Raj, there were four Princely States in Balochistan: Makran, Kharan, Las Bela and Kalat, the largest and most powerful.?
12) The Government of India Act, 1935, treated Kalat as an independent State and provides ?representation for it in the Federal Legislature. Kalat was not all of Baluchistan, it is part of Balauchistan.||||||||???

13) In 1947, Kalat was ruled by Mir Ahmed Yar Khan. Indeed, the British had given many Princely States the choice of either India, or Pakistan during the immediate pre-partition period (though they were worried of having too many independent nations). The states in Balauchistan were: Makran, Kharan, Las Bela and Kalat?????????
14) The Indian Independence Act, 1947 allowed the independent states to join either India or Pakistan. According to Indian Independence Act 1947 – Section II  
15) The people of Balauchistan, overwhelmingly voted to join Pakistan in a referendum that was held on June 30, 1947, to ascertain their wishes on this issue.
18) The Khan of Kalat acceded to Pakistan on March 27, 1948. Like Kalat, Hydrabad and Kashmir, hundreds of other states also had the choice of either joining India or Pakistan.

The present campaign to create issues in Pakistan is the same conspiracy that was tried by the USSR to impede the defeat of the USSR forces in Afghanistan.

Pakistan gained independence from the British legally and the boundaries were recognized by Brittan, and all the other members of the United Nations.???????????

History of balochistan,

History of balochistan,

RAJANPUR TO D.G. KHAN--BALOCHISTAN, BALOCHISTAN

            RAJANPUR TO D.G. KHAN--BALOCHISTAN, BALOCHISTAN

Written By: Hamid Ali Baloch
The name Dera Ghazi Khan denotes that it was founded by the cousin of Mir Chakar Khan the great, Ghazi Khan Rind. The Mirwani sub-tribe of Rind ruled over Dera Ghazi Khan for approximately two centuries. The area of Rajanpur had been a part and parcel of Dera Ghazi Khan for centuries but Dera Ghazi Khan was bifurcated and Rajanpur was made a new district.
There are several tribes residing on the suburbs of Dera Ghazi Khan and at Rajanpur district, but they are the attached parts of the leading tribes, such as Leghari, Mazaari, Buzdar, Qaisrani, Notkani, Khosagh, Dreshk, Gorchani, Lashari, Malghani, Gishkori, Patani, Tangwani, Balwani, Rahmani and Jawar.?????????
Dera Ghazi Khan had been a part of the Baloch Confederacy during the era of the Khanate of Kalat Mir Naseer Khan Noori, the great Khan of Kalat. In 1872, Raja Ranjeet Singh occupied the plain areas of Dera Ghazi Khan, but the Baloch tribal chiefs of Koh-e- Sulaiman became united and fought against the army of Raja Ranjeet Singh. The army of Ranjeet Singh retreated and went backward but the Baloch armed persons occupied the hill stations to protect their land. The Baloch people still consider the hills as their forts.????????
When the British army occupied most parts of the sub-continent including the Sindh and NWFP, a Jirga system was also implemented for the Baloch tribes of Koh-e- Sulaiman. Meanwhile, the English army constructed a fort in Fort Monroe to make a strategy to occupy the hills of Koh-e- Sulaiman. In Fort Monroe, a Jirga Hall was being constructed for the Balochs of Dera Ghazi Khan, Dera Bugti, Kohlu and Barkhan.???????
The chief tribal leaders reconciled with the English army taking bribes and each tribal leader made an administrative force for themselves that is called Border Military Force. In 1954, the Deputy Commissioner has issued an order to the boot-licker tribal chiefs of English era to sign an agreement of annexing the Dera Ghazi Khan area in to Punjab, but the tribal chief Sardar Manzoor Ahmad Qaisrani rejected this decree from the Deputy Commissioner, meanwhile some other tribal chiefs signed the agreement in fear, because they did not want to lose their land which were in Mian Chunnu, Punjab. These properties were rewarded to the chiefs of Koh-e- Sulaiman by the British men and in return the British men divided the area of Dera Ghazi Khan into two administrative portions, which was called tribal and settled areas. """"""""""
The Koh-e- Sulamian area was considered as tribal area and it was also called as de-excluded area. The total population of Koh-e- Sulaiman, which covers 2500sq/miles of the Koh-e- Sulamian area, speaks Balochi Language, on the Plain areas the population is mixed up into Balochi and Saraiki or Lahenda. The Koh-e- Sulaiman area of Dera Ghazi Khan has neither been a part of Raja Ranjeet Singh’s rule nor the part of British rule. God has bestowed an enrichment of oil and gas stock to this part of land. This may be the second enriched area for oil and gas after Sui of Balochistan. 
The areas of Qaisrani tribe, which are called Dhodark, Rodo and Apiband, where a huge stock of crude oil and gas have been explored and these are being used in the factories and Industries of Punjab, but the local people are deprived of this wealth. Besides, a huge number of Uranium, Gypsum, Cement which are the key wealth of Dera Ghazi Khan, but Punjab is enjoying these natural resources in its industries.???????
Some of the high-handed persons have stressed the government to annex the enriched areas of natural resources of Koh-e- Sulaiman to the Saraiki belt and make a new province. It’s a sorry state that the Baloch nationalist leaders are entirely unaware of the historical, geographical, defense and lingual importance of Dera Ghazi Khan, because Balochistan is itself suffering a lot in this scenario and they can not listen to the voices of their brothers of Dera Ghazi Khan. The Balochs of Dera Ghazi Khan have been the part and parcel of the Baloch National Movement, whether it may be in the shape of Haidarabad conspiracy case, or the case of Mir Ghous Bakhsh Bezenjo, either it be the case of Nawab Khair Bakhsh Murree or Sardar Atta Ullah Mengal, in each and every moment the Balochs of Dera Ghazi Khan have been the part of Baloch National Movement and still supporting their brothers of Balochistan morally. ?????????????//
Sardar Akhtar Jan Mengal has pointed out that the Baloch will never quit or give up the area of Dera Ghazi Khan. The tribal chief of Qaisrani tribe and the minister of Punjab Assembly, Mir Badshah Qaisrani delivered his speech in the Punjab Assembly and expressed his thoughts that if there would be a province of Saraiki speaking people, the area of Dera Ghazi Khan will never be the part of Saraiki Province, because the Baloch have their own national identity, a vast geography, history and a language from thousand of years and the Dera Ghazi Khan will remain a part of Balochistan. 
He has threatened the supporters of the Saraiki province that if there is an idea for a Saraiki Province, then the Saraikis should not forget the history of the Baloch Nation.????????
Ironically, some high authorities from Punjab have boosted up slogans for a Saraiki province to destabilize Balochistan and the Baloch people, because Baloch are suffering a lot in their own province.
Today, the Baloch nation is facing a catastrophic loss and some boot-licker leaders of the Baloch People are in the hidden camps of the enemy to destabilize the Baloch People. It’s a hard time and a challenge for the Baloch leaders to understand the grievances of the Baloch people and try to resolve them and become the part of the same body. It’s also the time to give the Baloch people a national identity on its own land.""""""""""

How Balochistan occupied

                How Balochistan occupied

Dear Readers.....
As student of history I want to share with you about KalatOccupation.The sorrowful state of affairs of Balochistan were created because the cheat and deceit on the part of Mr. Jinnah and weakness on the part of Mir Ahmed Yar khan played pivotal role to put it into permanent bondage of subjugation.???????
In 1946 the newly elected Labor Party Government headed by Clement Attlee in Britain decided to send a 3-member Cabinet Mission to India in a final bid to devise the methodology for the transfer of power in India. The Mission comprising the Secretary of State for India, Lord Pethic Lawrence, AV Alexander and Sir Stafford Cripps arrived in India on March 24, 1946.
The Khan of Kalat, on the advice of Mr, Jinnah the legal advisor to the Kalat state at the time, approached the Mission on behalf of his government to discuss the future status of his state in the scheme of independence for India. The Mission advised the Khan to have his case prepared by legal experts. Eminent lawyers as I I Chundrigar, Sir Sultan Ahmed, Sardar BK Memon and Sir Walter Monkton were hired to prepare the case for the Kalat state, which after vetting by the Quaid himself, was submitted to the Mission in the form of a memorandum. This memorandum, briefly, re-stressed the following major points:
- That Kalat is an independent and sovereign state its status is different from other princely states of British India, its relations with the British government being based on various mutual agreements and treaties.????????
- That Kalat is not an Indian state, its relations with India being of only a formal nature by virtue of Kalat’s agreements with the British and that with the ceasing of the Agreement of 1876 with the Kalat government, Kalat would regain its complete independence, as it existed prior to 1876. – All such regions including Quetta Municipality as were given under the control of the British in consequence of any treaty will be returned to the sovereignty of the Kalat state, and resume their original status as parts of the Kalat state.???????????//
On March 22, 1947, Lord Mountbatten, the last of the Viceroys of India, arrived in Delhi to wind up British supremacy in this part of the British dominions. The final partition plan of June 3, 1947 stated in respect of transfer of power in India. Mr, Jinnah wrote to the Khan of Kalat that since the position of the Kalat State was different from the other Indian States, representation on behalf of the state should be made directly to the Viceroy in Delhi to discuss the future position of Kalat and the return of Baloch regions hitherto under the control of the British Government. Accordingly, the Chief Secretary of Kalat State was sent to Delhi with a draft of the new position of Kalat as prepared by legal experts. This resulted in a round table conference, held on August 4, 1947, in which Lord Mountbatten, Mr, Jinnah, Mr Liaqat Ali Khan, Chief Minister of Kalat, Sir Sultan Ahmed, the legal Advisor of Kalat State and the Khan of Kalat took part in the deliberations The following points were agreed upon:::::::::::
“Kalat State will be independent on August 5, 1947, enjoying the same status as it originally held in 1838, having friendly relations with its neighbors. In case the relations of Kalat with any future government got strained, Kalat will exercise its right of self-determination, and the British Government should take precautionary measures to help Kalat in the matter as per the Treaties of 1839 and 1841.”""""""""""
As a corollary to the round table conference at Delhi, another agreement was signed between Kalat and Pakistan on August 4, 1947. The points agreed upon were broadcast on August 11, 1947, as under::::::::
“The Government of Pakistan agrees that Kalat is an independent state, being quite different in status from other states of India; and commits to its relations with the British Government as manifested in several agreements.. … In the meantime, a Standstill Agreement will be made between Pakistan and Kalat by which Pakistan shall stand committed to all the responsibilities and agreements signed by Kalat and the British Government from 1839 to 1947 and by this,…. In order to discuss finally the relations between Kalat and Pakistan on matters of defense, foreign relations and deliberations will be held in the near future in Karachi.” A few weeks after the agreement, the Agent to the Governor-General informed the rulers of Kharan and Lasbela that the control of their regions had been transferred to the Kalat State. Hence they once again came under the direct influence of Kalat. The Marri and Bugti tribal region was also returned into the Kalat fold soon after. Thus the whole of Balochistan came under the suzerainty of the Khan of Kalat in the same confederacy of Baloch tribes that Nasir Khan I, in 1666-67, was able to create. The Kalat government made a formal declaration of its independence on August 15, 1947, soon after the end of British supremacy, and a day after Pakistan’s coming into being on the map of the subcontinent.:::::::::
Immediately, a delegation comprising the Kalat prime minister and foreign minister was sent to Karachi, the then capital of Pakistan, for discussions and an honorable settlement vis-a-vis relations with Pakistan in the light of the mutually endorsed Standstill Agreement of August 11, 1947. To shock and grief of Khan of Kalat Mr, Jinnah coarsely persuaded the Khan to expedite the merger.:::::::::::
The Khan replied, “I have great respect for your advice… but Balochistan, being a land of numerous tribes, the people there must be duly consulted in the matter prior to any decision I take; for, according to the prevalent tribal convention, no decision can be binding upon them unless they are taken into confidence beforehand by their Khan.” With this provisional agreement, the Khan returned to Kalat and promptly summoned the Kalat State Houses of Parliament, the Dar-ul-Awam and Dar-ul-Umra and proposed to the House to accord him a mandate on the matter of Kalat’s merger with Pakistan.;::::::::::;
Both the Houses, however, contended unanimously that the proposal of Kalat’s merger militated against the spirit of the earlier agreement arrived at between Kalat Government and the spokesmen of Pakistan on August 4, 1947, as also against the Independence Act of 1947. This decision of Kalat’s Parliament was forwarded to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of Pakistan, for necessary processing.;;;;;;;;;
Shortly afterwords, the Mr, Jinnah visited Sibi and during his stay there insisted upon the Khan to sign the merger documents in his personal capacity. Finding reluctance in Khan Govt: Pakistan Cabinet under the leadership and instruction of Mr, Jinnah working on a scheme to breakup the 500- year old state. The nature of their scheme, as it turned out subsequently, was tantamount to a political castration of the Baloch people. Illegally and in violation of of 4th August 1947 round table conference declaration and agreement made by Mr, Jinnah on the very day with Khan, Stand Still Agreement and also Govt; of Pakistan’s earlier decion, it had decided to punish and encircle Kalat and Baloch people cut off Kharan and Lasbela by giving them an equal status as Kalat and obtaining their “mergers” with Pakistan directly.;;;;;;;;;;;
Makran, which had been a part of the Kalat State for the last 300 years, was made independent of Kalat on March 17, 1948; and one of the three Sardars made its ruler. Thus Makran, too, was made a part of Pakistan. These hasty, illogical, irrational and politically illegal and oppressive steps naturally disillusioned the Baloch people. They rightly felt that all their erstwhile services and sacrifices in the cause of Pakistan were now forgotten. So deep was their despair and frustration that several of them wanted to revolt. Meanwhile, the wave of hatred and animosity generated by the irrational policies of the Government of Pakistan against Kalat was fast gaining dangerous dimensions all over Balochistan. Feelings in the tribal areas particularly were running high against Pakistan and the Baloch people were calling the position of the Khan of Kalat himself into question.;;;;;;;;
Things were moving fast towards a show down. The Government of Pakistan instructed the Brigadier in Command at Quetta to go on full alert for action against Kalat state and the Agent to the Governor General began to prepare for police action. This was the situation as it stood in the first quarter of 1948 triggered by the illogical actions of the Pakistan. Under duress Khan of Kalat signed the merger documents in his personal capacity on March 27, 1948, in an effort to diffuse the situation in Balochistan. In his autobiography, he admits that he did not have the mandate to sign the merger without the consent of the Houses of Parliament of Kalat State. A fortnight after the merger, on April 15, 1948, the Agent to the Governor General in Balochistan issued an order in the name of Mr, Jinnah, and the legal entity of the Khan of Kalat was abolished and within 20 hours of the order many of the members of the Balochistan Cabinet were arrested or exiled from Balochistan. Prince Abdul Karim’s revolt and first Baloch armed struggle started in this background????????

The Fall of Baloch Confederacy

        The Fall of Baloch Confederacy?????

Baloch destinies changed drastically beginning from mid 19th century due to powerful historical happenings in Asia and Europe. In this period while Russia was pushing southward, the decayed Persian Empire was trying to gain its lost glories and England was struggling to consolidate its position in Europe and in colonized world. The Russian ambitions for warm waters, the resurgence of Persian nationalism and British efforts to ward off the Russian thrust southward were the factors causing collateral damages resulting in territorial division of Baloch land and subsequent destruction of the sovereign Baloch State. The French exploratory mission to Persia in 1807 for exploring the possibility of an overland invasion of India through Persia and Balochistan caused great alarm among British authorities in India. Appeasement of Persia to be neutral in the great game being played in central Asia, compelling Afghanistan to be a buffer between Russian and British areas of influences, were the causative factors of devastating Afghan wars and the extension of British proxy rule in Balochistan and its partition. From the military bases in Balochistan it was easier for Britain to secure the buffer status of Afghanistan and Iran vis-à-vis Russia and also to secure its communication links with Middle East and Europe.;:::::::?????""""

After the Khanate of Kalat declined to be involved in foreign aggression against Afghanistan, occupation of Baloch State became necessary for England to safeguard the supply line for British invading army in Afghanistan. An English detachment attacked capital Kalat on 13 November 1839. Khan, Mir Mehrab Khan was killed in battle and a new Khan was appointed as nominal ruler of Baloch State with a British representative as the supreme authority, reducing Khan to mere vassals of British Crown.?????

From 1839 onward the British had gradually consolidated their power in Balochistan through a series of wars and treaties imposed on Kalat State. These treaties gave the British the rights of safe passage through Kalat (1839), the right to stationing of troops (1854), the right to extend Indo-European telegraph line through Baloch Coast (1863) and various other agreements giving Britain some major economic and territorial concessions. The northern areas of Balochistan including Bolan Pass was leased out to Britain, which was later, named as British Balochistan. An important and consequential treaty was signed in 1876 between Khan, the tribal chiefs and British authorities in Delhi. Under the agreement, the Khan’s authority was accepted over the region, but it was to be administered by the British in accordance with local customs.??????????

The British occupation of Kalat was perhaps the greatest event in Baloch history. It weakened the authority of Khan, broke up the traditional system of governance giving extraordinary clouts to tribal chiefs and establishing a “Shahi Jirga”, a nominated council, having vast jurisdictional power, unprecedented in Baloch annals. After the fall of Kalat unto First World War, Baloch tribes fought unsuccessful battles against the mighty forces of British Empire. The Baloch resistance to British authority lasting nearly a century was acts of individual tribes and could not assume a form of a national struggle due to many factors. These including lack of communication between various tribes, superiority of enemy in all respects, lack of inspiration from the Khan, and lack of any political organization for channeling the resistance movement//////////

Balochistan

         Balochistan

Balochistan literally meaning the country of Baloch is strategically situated at the eastern flank of the Middle East, linking Central Asian States with Indian subcontinent and Indian Ocean. Presently the three parts of Balochistan are under the sovereignty of Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan. Being one of the ancient inhabited lands with a 10000 years history of civilization, it is a land of contrast. Much of its landmass of 695,380 square km is a high barren plateau 1,000 to 1,500 meters (3,000 to 5,000 feet) above sea level, enclosed by various mountain ranges; it has desert lands stretching hundreds of miles. In the proximity of a coastline of more than 1500 km in the south, lies one of the semi- deserts of Makuran, the ancient Gedrosia that nearly defeated Alexander the Great by thirst and hunger when he marched through it on his way back to Mesopotamia. In the west, the great Iranian salt desert, the Dasht-e Luth separates Balochistan from Persia proper. There is scanty rainfall, which ranges between 3 to 12 inches annually. Balochistan has hottest places where temperature shoots up to over 120 ?°F, as well as coldest towns where mercury falls down much below freezing point. In between the cheerless mountains and dry and wide deserts are beautiful fertile valleys. Wherever water is available the fertile fields produce various types of agricultural products like wheat, barley, rice, potato, sugar beet, and cotton. Dates, and various other fruits, flowers and medicinal plants are among the country’s agricultural products. Beside the large natural gas reserves, which are providing almost all the gas requirements of Pakistan, it has also unexplored rich mineral resources of copper, aluminum, lead, chromium, iron and gold..........????????

The archeological explorations include this land as one of the oldest inhabited areas of the earth. The area had commerce with the ancient civilizations of Babylon, India and Central Asia. It is presumed that the famous Indus civilization derived most of its material elements from Iran and beyond through the Baloch Borderland. There is a marked cultural similarity between ancient settlements in Balochistan and those of Indus valley civilization.,,,,,,,,..

The archeological findings in different parts of central and northern Balochistan indicate that some 7 to 15 thousand years ago a fair number of people, familiar with agriculture and use of domesticated animals inhabited the region. The German and French excavations at Mehrgarh, Nausharo and Pirak in the Kachhi plain and Kech valley reveal a long cultural sequence from the Neolithic Period through the Iron Age. The sites indicate that development from villages to towns and then to camps, and from agriculture to migratory pastorals took place in ancient times. The people lived in clay-brick houses, and were familiar with stone ornaments and jewelry of precious seashells. The rising number of settlements from the beginning of settled life in the 6th millennium through the mid-third millennium BC witnesses the success of food production through farming and agriculture. The pattern is very similar during the later 3rdmillennium during which the largest number of sites in southern Balochistan co-existed with the Indus Civilization. Enigmatically, after 1900/1800 BC, the Indus Civilization disintegrated into several regional cultural complexes some of which remain dormant till today. Inexplicably in the same period, the settlements and irrigation systems were abandoned and no human traces left in southeastern Balochistan.

Balochistan has been the meeting grounds of ancient civilizations and empires. The irst recorded mass migration of a tribal people in the area is that of Aryans, which began after the disintegration of the Mesopotamian empires of Sumer and Akkad after the death of Emperor Hammurabi. Although some of the Achaemenian, Greek, Mauryan, Kushana, and Sassanian rulers and historians mention southern Balochistan in their records, nevertheless, significant archaeological finds that may correlate their presence are rare.||||\\\\\\\\';

Various regions of Balochistan were known as Gedrosia, Drangia, Turan and Sajistan and Kermania Altera. The narration about these areas by Greek or other ancient historians are sketchy and no firm conclusion could be drawn about the inhabitants of these areas. The Greek historian Arian mentioned two distinct groups of people Ichthyophagi and Oreitai living in the region during Alexander’s

campaigns[1].////////////////??????????????

Balochistan changed hands frequently between the great empires of ancient epochs. Remaining the part of the Darius Empire in 5th century BC, it remained under Greek domination for some two decades. In 305 BC, Chandra Gupta defeated Alexander??Ts successor Seleucus Nicator and the region came under the control of the Mauryan Empire. During Maurya reign Balochistan witnessed the incursions of white Huns. Another historical event of the era was the invasion of the Saka, declaring the region as Sakastan, the country of the Saka, a name that has survived as the northwestern Balochistan being still called as Seistan. From 227 to 590 AD, Balochistan came under the Sassanians, with Ephthalite Turks controlling the central and northern areas. Later the area fell under the Sassanian Dynasty and remained under their control till the end of the 6th century[2]. Hindu rulers of Sindh also replaced the decaying Sassanians before the Arab conquests. Significant relics of Graeco-Bacterian rule and Buddhist settlements have been identified in northern and southern Balochistan.////////////???????/

Among the most important invasions of Balochistan was the Arab incursion in 7th century AD, bringing far reaching social, religious, economic and political changes in the region. In AD 644 an Arab army under the command of Hakam defeated the combined forces of Mekuran and Sindh. The Arabs established several fortified cities in southern Balochistan and during their rule, trade and commerce flourished in the area and the sea routes were extensively used for trade between Middle East and India. The period of Arab rule brought the religion of Islam in the area. The Baloch tribes gradually embraced Islam replacing their centuries old Zoroastrian religion. The Arab control of Balochistan lasted till 10th century.?????????/////////////?????????

The overthrowing of Sassanian yoke and lessening of the threats from Indian rulers enabled the Baloch tribes to establish their own semi-independent tribal confederacies, leading to the formation of a subsequent Baloch State. For the next seven centuries the region was under loose control of many dynasties of surrounding areas. Major parts of Balochistan were under Ghaznavi and Ghori rulers from Afghanistan, till the end of fifteenth century when the country fell into the hands of the Argons and subsequently the Mughuls. The defeat of Baloch forces at Khabis and Bumpur resulted in the complete victory of Gaznavi dynasty over Balochistan. During most of the 12th century southern Balochistan was under the control of Seljuks, before the arrival of Mughuls. Towards the beginning of the 16th century the Portuguese captured several places along the Makuran coast.///////""''''""""'

The period from AD 1400 to 1948 can be distinguished for an era of declining grip of the surrounding powers on Balochistan and the rise of Baloch influence. The predominance of Baloch socio-political and cultural institutions is the characteristic of this period.???????

The early decades of the Baloch era was marked with the formation of loose tribal unions. One of the most important was the tribal union of Rind and Lashaar consisting of 40 bolok or tribes. Different Baloch tribes and tribal unions were linked economically through trade and agricultural and animal products. They interacted socially, cooperated politically and united militarily whenever faced with a common external threat. Bumpur, in the western Balochistan, Kech in the southern and Surab and later Kalat in central Balochistan were the center of Baloch power in the period of tribal unions of Baloch history. During this period Balochistan was not free of external threats or interventions but the combined strength of Baloch tribal unions were able to defend their territory against the Afghan or Persian invading forces on various occasions??